Understanding Trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Trauma is a powerful and distressing emotional response to a distressing event or situation that shatters one’s sense of security. While traumatic experiences often involve a direct threat to life or safety, any event that leaves an individual feeling overwhelmed or isolated can result in trauma. The COVID-19 pandemic has added multiple layers of stress and trauma to the lives of healthcare workers, who are already under significant pressure in their profession.
In this article, we will explore the concept of trauma, its impact on individuals, and the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We will also discuss the symptoms associated with trauma and PTSD and provide strategies for preventing trauma from turning into a long-term psychological disorder.
What is Trauma?
Trauma is an emotional and psychological response to a distressing event that disrupts an individual’s sense of security. While it is common for most people to experience fear and anxiety during and immediately after a traumatic event, everyone’s emotional response is unique. Some people will naturally recover with time, while others may continue to experience trauma and stress-related symptoms.
Common Emotional Symptoms
- Shock/disbelief
- Fear
- Sadness/grief
- Helplessness
- Guilt
- Anger
- Shame
Common Physical Symptoms
- Dizziness, faintness, shakiness
- Rapid breathing and/or heart rate
- Racing thoughts
- Changes in sleeping patterns
- Physical pain (especially stomach and headaches)
- Loss or increase in appetite
- Increased substance use/dependence
Understanding Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychological disorder that develops in response to a traumatic event. When a person experiences trauma, the body releases adrenaline, the stress hormone that triggers the “fight or flight” response. This response stimulates the amygdala, the part of the brain responsible for emotions, behavior, and fear processing. In individuals with PTSD, the amygdala overreacts, leading to out-of-proportion fear responses even in ordinary situations.
Symptoms of PTSD
There are three main types of symptoms associated with PTSD:
- Re-experiencing the trauma through intrusive flashbacks and nightmares.
- Emotional numbness and avoidance of places, people, and activities that remind the individual of the trauma.
- Heightened arousal, including trouble sleeping, difficulty concentrating, feeling jumpy, and irritability.
Preventing Trauma from Turning into PTSD
Experiencing a traumatic event does not necessarily mean that an individual will develop PTSD. Several factors, including pre-existing conditions and available resources, influence an individual’s response to trauma. Research on resiliency and recovery following trauma has identified protective factors that can lower the risk of long-term distress.
Social Support
Social support plays a significant role in determining who will naturally recover from trauma and who will develop PTSD. Sharing experiences and feelings with trusted individuals or those who have gone through similar situations can help individuals feel less alone, weak, or sensitive.
Relaxation Strategies
Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, is an essential component of bipolar disorder treatment. It can help individuals better understand their condition, develop coping strategies, and improve overall functioning.
Grounding Techniques
Grounding techniques can be helpful, especially for individuals experiencing flashbacks or a sense of disconnection. These techniques aim to distance the mind from distressing thoughts or emotions and refocus on the present moment. One common grounding technique is the 5-4-3-2-1 method, where an individual uses their senses to notice their surroundings and name five things they see, four things they hear, three things they can touch, two things they smell, and one thing they taste.
Avoiding Negative Coping
Engaging in negative coping mechanisms such as substance abuse, excessive sleeping, and isolating oneself can exacerbate the impact of trauma in the long run. It is important to resist the temptation of quick fixes and instead focus on healthy coping strategies.
Consider Therapy
Seeking therapy, even for the short term, can be beneficial in processing traumatic experiences and emotions. Working with a professional can help individuals develop healthy thought patterns and behaviors as they move forward. It is important to address traumatic stress as early as possible to facilitate the healing process.
In conclusion, trauma is a powerful emotional response to distressing events that disrupt an individual’s sense of security. When trauma persists and interferes with an individual’s normal functioning, it may develop into post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, there are various strategies and protective factors that can help prevent trauma from turning into PTSD. Social support, relaxation techniques, grounding methods, avoiding negative coping, and considering therapy are all essential in promoting resilience and recovery.
By recognizing the signs and seeking appropriate support, individuals can overcome trauma and build a healthier future.
How San Antonio-Ventana Mental Health Can Help?
At San Antonio Ventana Mental Health, Dr. Fuqua has decades of experience in treating mental health conditions, including bipolar disorder. We offer a range of treatment programs. These programs are tailored to meet each patient’s unique needs, ensuring the most effective care.
For further information on bipolar disorder treatment, please contact us at (210) 201-2241. We are available 24/7 to answer your questions and provide you with the support and guidance you need to manage bipolar disorder.
